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Clinical research is the aspect of biomedical research that addresses the assessment of new pharmaceutical and biological drugs, medical devices and vaccines in humans. ==General topics== * Clinical significance – a conclusion that an intervention has an effect that is of practical meaning to patients * Drug discovery – the identification of candidates, synthesis, characterization, screening, and assays for therapeutic efficacy * Drug development – the process of taking a new chemical through the stages necessary to allow testing in clinical trials * Biotechnology – the technological application that uses biological systems, living organisms to make or modify products or processes for specific use * * Biopharmaceutical – a drug produced using biotechnology * Clinical trial – an experiment with human subjects to assess safety and efficacy of drugs * * Academic clinical trials – clinical trials run at academic centers (e.g., medical schools, academic hospitals, and universities) * * Clinical trials unit – biomedical research units dedicated to conducting clinical trials * Epidemiology – the study of factors affecting the health and illness of populations * * Epidemiological methods – statistical techniques used in epidemiology * Evidence-based medicine – the assessment of the quality of evidence relevant to the risks and benefits of medical treatments * Pharmacology – the study of the interactions that occur between a living organism and drugs that alter normal biochemical function * * Biopharmacology – the pharmacology of biopharmaceuticals * * Clinical pharmacology – the scientific discipline focused on rational drug development and utilization in therapeutics * * Pharmacokinetics – the study of the fate of drugs administered to the body * * * Bioequivalence – the biological equivalence of two preparations of a drug * * Pharmacodynamics – the study of the biochemical and physiological effects of drugs on the body * * Pharmacometrics – the science of interpreting and describing pharmacology in a quantitative fashion * Pharmacovigilance – the detection, assessment, understanding and prevention of adverse effects of medicines 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Outline of clinical research」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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